A clear memory is testimony to the truth but it should not be. Researchers at the University of Hull in the UK have found in a survey of 1600 students that one in five can nominate vivid memories of events they have realised did not occur. Most had accepted that the memories were false when they were assured by a parent or sibling that the event did not take place, and others realised themselves that their memory of seeing Santa Claus or a living dinosaur were false. The researchers point out that our sense of identity is based on our memories and that not all our memories are true, so what does that say for our sense of identity? And, importantly, if the students' memories had not been challenged by evidence they would still be part of the experience that goes to the identity.
It's not common but sometimes I am uncertain as to whether a memory is inspired by an event or a dream, or whether the memory is of something that happened or something I was told happened. I must accept, too, that I have memories that are false but unchallenged, although I can have no idea of their proportion in the total. And I was relieved when I heard someone say a month ago that she did not know whether she said a certain thing or dreamt that she said it. Maybe I'm not unusually foggy after all.
My view of clear memory as establishing truth was rocked six years ago when two mates and I gave markedly different accounts of a robbery we watched from the same vantage point. I, for example, remembered the robber propelling a waitress across the room, when I was assured later by everyone that this didn't happen. I didn't make it up, although had I been held to account in court I may have been accused of embellishing the story, of lying. I didn't deliberately, or knowingly, concoct the story of the waitress being thrown across the room. Had I dreamt it? I don't know, and I have no idea where that memory comes from.
Do you have doubts about any of your memories? Can you always distinguish between what happened and what you imagined as happening?