It's a sentence in a research paper that gave me more pause for thought than any of the stark statistics. "The level of discrimination against African-Americans in the US in 2001 was higher than the level of discrimination against indigenous Australians in 2007, but lower than the level of discrimination against Middle Eastern Australians in 2007." It is almost an aside in a report into discrimination against job applicants of different ethnicities in Australia.
The study, led by an Australian National University economics professor, Andrew Leigh, sent out more than 5000 fake applications to 1300 or so advertisements for low-level jobs and tracked the call-back rate for applications carrying names of various ethnicities. The names were Anglo-Saxon, Middle Eastern, Chinese, Aboriginal or Italian, and as you may have guessed the Anglo-Saxons had the highest call rate, 35 per cent. Then followed Italians at 32 per cent, Aboriginal 26 per cent, Middle Eastern 22 per cent and Chinese 21 per cent. This means that a Chinese person has to send off 68 per cent more applications to get the same number of interviews as an Anglo-Saxon, a Middle Eastern person 64 per cent more, an Aboriginal person 35 per cent and an Italian 12 per cent. There are many interesting results within these broad findings, one being, for example, that there is no discrimination against Italian women, and in my column in The Herald today I give more detail and examples.
I also admit to biases and I point to my hostility to the high-pressure sales tactics that, in my experience, are employed by salesmen of Middle Eastern ethnicity. It is, I suggest, a hostility borne of my own ethnicity, but whatever it is I go elsewhere to buy.
Is it racism or a reasonable response to an uncomfortable cultural difference? Would an employer who refused to employ such sales staff, fearing the loss of Anglo-Saxon business, be racist or unfairly discriminatory?
At the base of it all is stereotyping, and it is inevitable that just as we generalise much of our experience we will stereotype people of various cultures. The stereotyping need not be overwhelmingly negative or positive, and in the case I admit to it is not. My disinclination to deal with Middle Eastern people applies only when they're trying to sell me something.
Fair or unfair? If others are entitled to their cultural differences that are an affront to me, am I not entitled to mine that may be an affront to them?